There is a best way to wake up—but not a best time

Studies suggest when you sleep is as important as how much you get, and syncing with your circadian rhythms may lead to less fatigue and improved long-term health outcomes

Studies suggest when you sleep is as important as how much you get

"Molecular clocks" made of timekeeping proteins and genes help regulate the body and its processes, meaning the disruption of one cog will impact another. Those who live in sync with their circadian rhythms report less fatigue, clearer thoughts, greater medication benefits, and better long-term health outcomes.

There is a template for how to live a better, healthier day, and it includes a digital sunset

Science suggests that early-morning exercise, later-morning peak work or social time, consistent exercise, and a "digital sunset"—starting to turn down the lights in the evening and avoid screens—are important for circadian health.

Circadian rhythms shift as we age—making older adults want to go to bed earlier

Throughout our lives our internal biological clocks shift. Early-to-rise toddlers become hard-to-wake teens and eventually early-to-sleep seniors. Circadian rhythm fluctuations throughout our life cycle explain some of these changes.

Emulating Earth’s light-dark cycle is important for astronaut health and safety

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station experience 16 daily sunrises, but scientists have learned to try to promote circadian rhythms by phasing through several light settings aboard the ISS to improve astronauts’ sleep and productivity.

Daylight Saving Time is linked to a rise in heart attacks and strokes

Losing an hour of sleep with seasonal time changes is not good for our health and it’s linked to risks for the first couple days of Daylight Saving Time, including a short-term rise in heart attacks and strokes. Scientists theorize these elevated risks are linked to the disruption to the body’s circadian rhythm.

Social jetlag—differing weekend and weekday schedules—is physiologically similar to jet lag

Recovering from schedules that drastically differ between weekends and weekdays, something that was first described in academic work in 2006, is a growing concern in public health as more research shows that consistent daily routines are important for human health.

Lack of sunlight during Arctic winters can fuel a winter slump and a circadian disconnect

Sunlight typically tells our brain to stop producing melatonin, a hormone that makes us sleepy, but in dark Arctic winters humans must adapt to life without much sunlight. Scientists in this video provide tips that include trying to increase the amount of light around you, even if it’s just table lamps.

World records are often broken later in the day—and scientists wonder if muscle clocks explain the difference

For reasons that are still not entirely clear, on average, people tend to lift more weight and achieve other exercise feats later in the day. Theories to explain this discrepancy include muscle clocks are at peak performance in the afternoon and that there's morning-to-afternoon variation in core body temperature, hormones, and neural activity.

'Zeitgebers' like light are external cues for the circadian clock

German for "time giver" or "time cues," common external zeitgebers include sunlight, food, and physical activity. The timing of these external influences can shift circadian clocks or lead to irregularities: A 2018 study, for example, found that later light exposure and meals were linked to later timing of peak activity and bedtimes.

Olympians view sleep as a performance tool, prioritizing routine and environment

Elite athletes emphasize consistent sleep routines, dark and cool environments, the well-placed nap, and tools like eye masks, white noise machines, and supplements like melatonin (particularly for jet lag). This priority belies a core principle: recovery and performance are inseparable. Read more ways Olympians "sleepmaxx" here.

Do sleep-tracking apps work?

Can technology help us sleep better? As wearables and apps promise to optimize our nights, this New York Times investigation reveals some troubling findings after columnist Brian Chen used a wearable for two weeks to track his sleep. He discovered that sleep trackers not only provide frequently questionable data but can also paradoxically worsen sleep problems by causing users to obsess over their metrics — a new condition researchers are calling ‘orthosomnia.’

For centuries, it was common to sleep in two shifts: a few hours at the beginning of the night, and a longer period beginning around midnight

How to end bedtime procrastination

Finally done with external obligations, you might plop onto the sofa and dive into a hobby or bit of media, pushing past sleepiness to have some time to yourself and enjoy doing what you want. This is known as "revenge bedtime procrastination," a behavior that feels relaxing but impairs sleep hygiene.

Coffee is, generally, good for your health

While overconsumption certainly has its drawbacks—hello, not sleeping until the sun rises—on the whole, coffee is fine, even beneficial, for your health. It can even help prevent serious health conditions, like heart attacks and liver cancer.

A 2,000-year history of alarm clocks

Clocks have revolutionized the way we live, structuring our days into abstract, regular units and providing quantification for those who are chronically late. The alarm clock was the next obvious step: clocks which not only tell you the time but...

Skin wounds and burns heal fastest if they occur during the day

Skin cells responsible for healing wounds work more quickly during the daytime, underscoring that the timing of an injury greatly influences recovery time, according to 2017 research. Nighttime burns took an average of 11 days longer to heal than burns incurred during the day. (Some readers may experience a paywall.)

What to eat for suhoor, the pre-dawn mean that has to last all day

Suhoor—eaten before the Fajr prayer at dawn—is the only fuel a fasting Muslim has until sunset. This practical guide covers the logistics around what foods sustain energy longest, what to avoid, and why hydration strategy matters as much as what you eat.

The exercise sweet spot is shorter than you'd think—and longer workouts aren't generally better

A meta-analysis concluded that resistance training for about 60 minutes per week provided the best health benefit—decreasing the likelihood of death for individuals within a specific timeframe around 27%.

The science of springtime, 101

Dive into the basics on springtime including the astronomy that brings it about, natural signs of spring's arrival, and some of the cultural approaches to the season.

'The best way to make a dream come true is to wake up.'

- Fashion icon Anna Wintour (1949 – present)

Researchers believe the brain consolidates memories, processes emotions, and plans for the future during dream states

Dangers of a record-breaking, sleep-skipping stunt

In 1963, 17-year-old Randy Gardner decided to stay awake for as long as it took to break the current world record. He managed to stay awake for 11 days. In 2017, the then-71-year-old Gardner told NPR that his experience had come back to haunt him as insomnia. The challenge has since been removed from the Guinness Book of World Records due to its dangerous consequences.

Later in life, the clock in Grace Hopper's office ran counterclockwise

Acknowledging that most people have "an enormous tendency to resist change," Hopper's clock served as a reminder for the computer scientist that just because things have been done a certain way does not mean they should forever remain that way: "They love to say, 'We've always done it this way.' I try to fight that." (Some users may experience a paywall.)

The best day to buy a Christmas tree, with data

Using data from 200,000 tree sales in 2018, the authors found that some weekends are more expensive than others. Learn when it's optimal to buy a tree here.

The best time to get a flu vaccine may be late-September or early-October

The body needs a few weeks after the vaccine to build up a sufficient antibody response, which eventually wanes. Scheduling the vaccine accordingly can maximize its effectiveness when flu season ramps up.

Calibrate to the U.S. government's official clock, synchronized to the atomic standard

The site displays the current time across all American time zones—corrected for network delay—and shows whether your device's clock has drifted. Computer clocks rely on quartz crystals that drift slightly with temperature and age, requiring alignment with atomic clocks (which are so stable that seconds are defined by them).

Why do we sometimes jolt awake before falling asleep?

Around 70% of people are estimated to experience the sensation of falling and jerking awake right as they're about to drift to sleep. That mysterious phenomenon is called hypnic jerking. As common as it is, hypnotic jerking remains disconcerting and hard to explain. While we don't yet have clear answers, peruse this article in Popular Science for some possible explanations as to why this happens.

Learn how your body is, scientifically, like a firework with its own slow, controlled burn.

After the Boston Tea Party, colonists switched to coffee, which became the main morning drink for revolutionaries.

To reduce wrinkles in clothing, research recommends gentle wash cycles with more water and tumble drying with smaller loads and longer times.

Discover the catastrophic consequences of a failure of the US electrical grid—something that is more likely than many Americans think.

Recent research found that the brain doesn't seem to massively rewire following amputation—upending earlier beliefs about the cause of phantom limb pain.

In recent years a child anxiety expert has created and tested a novel phobia and anxiety treatment approach for children, focused on changing how parents respond to the fears.

All rainbows are 'raincircles' caused by water droplets separating white sunlight into a spectrum of colors, but Earth's surface blocks the bottom half of the circle from our line of sight.

As of 2025, the most cited papers in science include a review of graphene, methods to improve image recognition, streamlining electron density calculations, and optimizing protein studies.

The Dracula character, now seen as the vampire archetype, was inspired by a seafood-induced nightmare its creator experienced.

When you complete a CAPTCHA on a website to prove you are human, you may be unknowingly training algorithms for self-driving cars, whose systems require training data to help identify crosswalks, bicycles, and other outdoor objects.

SpongeBob exemplifies Aristotle's philosophy for living well because he understands that happiness doesn't come from external factors like money, recognition, or power.

NBA superstar Victor Wembanyama spent the 2025 summer training with monks in central China to enhance his body and mind.

How Amazon operates a 'flywheel' business model, a self-reinforcing cycle that drives continuous growth

Learn how to read a prospectus, the juicy document that any company must file with the SEC before going public.

The hormonal disorder PCOS was renamed PMOS in 2026, a move designed to improve care and research by shifting the focus to the hormonal causes of this condition that affects 1 in 8 women.

See a ranking of the best (and worst) Federal Reserve Chairs since 1914 out of the 16 men and women who have held the office since.

Explore a list of the 100 best novels of all time, compiled by some of the world's best living writers, including Salman Rushdie, Stephen King, and Jennifer Egan.

Legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed the SC Johnson headquarters in Wisconsin, aiming to make a cathedral-like workplace

The first line of 'immortal' human cells, which can divide indefinitely and are used in scientific research, was nonconsensually taken from a Black woman.

The US Constitution is widely regarded as the longest-standing written national constitution still in force—see how it has influenced rights worldwide.

In 2026, Finland was named the world's happiest country for the ninth consecutive year based on its wealth, social safety network, and high life expectancy, among other factors.

A researcher recently discovered an interview from 1967 between groundbreaking journalist Joan Didion and the Grateful Dead, years before the band became an institution.