GLP-1s are netting interest for treating autoimmune diseases, but are considered experimental

GLP-1 drugs are under investigation for treating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and drug addiction

Researchers are investigating GLP-1 applications for a variety of chronic conditions. One area of interest stems from how study participants using GLP-1 for diabetes and obesity reported describing less longing for wine and cigarettes while taking the medication—intriguing researchers about using the drugs for addiction applications. The drug, they theorize, could bind to receptors that mediate desire. (Some users may experience a paywall.)

GLP-1s may lower inflammation, possibly helping to combat cognitive decline

An analysis of existing GLP-1 research, published in April 2025, indicated that GLP-1 drugs reduce inflammation, with numerous health benefits. The work notes that GLP-1s were linked with a statistically significant reduction in dementia in randomized clinical trials.

See which GLP-1 drugs are currently approved (along with their cost)

Around 75% of prescriptions for GLP-1 drugs are used to treat diabetes, while the remainder is used for weight loss. This overview from GoodRX includes a list and overview of currently available options along with prices for each.

GLP-1 helps reduce obesity through a number of mechanisms

Clinical studies show GLP-1 drugs, including semaglutide, promote weight loss through a number of effects. These include reduced appetite, slower emptying of the digestive tract, increased insulin production, and more.

Food companies are exploring 'GLP-1 friendly' diet labels

Producers of foods like Healthy Choice frozen meals are placing "GLP-1 friendly" labels on their food, but there's no regulation about what that label means. Nutritionists say that GLP-1s can help reduce appetite, but healthy, balanced diets are a necessary complement to the medications. Data shows that about half of GLP-1 users quit these medications within a year and then rapidly regain weight, underscoring the importance of also prioritizing healthy eating.

GLP-1 drugs, first used to manage diabetes, were derived from Gila monster saliva

Scientists studying the barely-there feeding frequency of the Gila monster found its saliva had a hormone regulating blood sugar and appetite. Further research revealed this hormone resembled a human one known as GLP-1, giving rise to the modern wave of diabetes and weight-management drugs.

CAR-T is showing promise for treating lupus—previously thought to be incurable

A small number of lupus patients have remained in complete remission for years after undergoing an experimental CAR-T cell therapy that seems to eliminate enough B cells to fuel a "deep reset" of the immune system. CAR-T therapy is also being used experimentally to treat MS, myositis, and other autoimmune disorders. (Some users may experience a paywall.)

Not everyone who is a candidate for GLP-1 is choosing to use the drug

One person writes about why, although she's a good fit for the medication on paper, she's decided not to take GLP-1 due to concerns about mental health and other side effects, among other reasons.

Telehealth demand for GLP-1s for weight loss is booming as consumers seek easier access.

How semaglutides are both better and worse than we know

The drugs were developed for use treating diabetes and, later, weight loss, but they have proven helpful with the heart, kidneys, and colon. On the flipside, it may slow digestion and lead to gastroparesis, or stomach blockages, and unexpected babies resulting from the slow effect of birth control pills.

The gut microbiome may play a major role in autoimmune disease and symptom flare-ups

Certain unhealthy foods can promote gut bacterial growth and inflammation in the lining of the gut, potentially disrupting its lining—leading to a leaky gut that may allow pathogens to dribble out into the bloodstream, fueling further inflammation that can both cause disease flare-ups and set the stage for future disease development.

Type 1.5 diabetes is typically found in adulthood

Clinically referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, or LADA, this condition is often diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes. However, it’s an autoimmune disease that eventually requires insulin, just like Type 1 diabetes. Misdiagnosis can result in uncontrolled high blood sugar and a slew of other serious health issues.

More than 5 million Americans have more than one autoimmune disease

Overall, about 4.6% of the US population—15 million people—have an autoimmune condition. Some common examples include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, Grave's disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis.

Limb regeneration research may lead to treatments for arthritis

For scientists pursuing the cure for arthritis, the holy grail of discoveries lies in how to regrow healthy cartilage inside human joints. While this feat has so far resisted our best scientific attempts, there are plenty of other human tissues—such as the liver and fingertips—that will successfully regenerate.

Peptides account for 31 of 370 new drugs approved by US FDA between 2016 and 2023

Among the approved peptide-based drugs is the first-ever treatment for Rett syndrome, a rare inherited neurologic disorder that leads to a progressive loss of motor skills and language. Peptides are particularly attractive for multiple reasons, including their ability to selectively bind to cellular receptors to either activate or inhibit their function.

Hookworm infection, though risky, may help fight certain autoimmune conditions by tamping down the immune system's inflammatory response.

See the first dog ever treated with insulin—a peptide

Frederick Banting and his graduate student Charles Best were the first to isolate the peptide insulin from dogs. They induced diabetes in the animals and then treated them with this peptide.

Lupus, an autoimmune disease with varied symptoms, was named for wolf bite-like lesions

The 13th-century physician behind the name (lupus is Latin for wolf) named it after a patient he saw who had facial lesions that looked to him like a wolf's bite. Other common symptoms of the disease include extreme fatigue, painful and swollen joints, fevers, and light sensitivity.

Probiotics, which are living bacteria and yeasts, are not recommended for most patients

The American Gastroenterological Association in 2020 concluded that although almost 4 million American adults have taken some form of probiotics, health claims about them are not backed in strong evidence. They only recommend their use for a few specific situations: to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection in people taking antibiotics that kill gut bacteria, to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, and for the management of a complication of inflammatory bowel disease called pouchitis.

Immunosuppressants enable organ transplants, but come with severe side effects

This drug cocktail helps to lower your body's natural response to attack a transplanted organ. Such medications usually need to be taken for a lifetime after receiving an organ and can come with serious side effects including high blood pressure, diabetes, increased risk of some cancers, and high cholesterol, among others.

Peptides like BPC-157 are marketed based largely on animal studies, not human research

BPC-157, which purportedly helps with tissue repair and muscle growth, can cause concerning side effects, including pain and swelling. TB-500, another experimental peptide, is marketed for wound healing, but it hasn't undergone any clinical human trials, and high levels of this peptide have been linked to tumor growth. (Some users may encounter a paywall.)

FDA approved the first ever peanut allergy treatment in January 2020

This new medication, called Palforzia, is designed to stave off severe reactions from accidental peanut exposures with a daily dose that is increased over time under an allergist’s supervision. It’s not a treatment that should be administered during an allergic reaction, however. Epinephrine, usually administered via injection, remains the intervention for severe reactions.

Read this analysis indicating which traditional stevia medical uses have scientific evidence

This research paper investigates the various uses of Stevia rebaudiana leaves and their extracts and concludes that the substances do hold significant potential for improving cardiovascular health and inflammatory disorders in adults, among several other potential applications. Its authors suggest that further research should examine safe dosage questions and chronic disease management approaches.

An overview of modern clinical research on LSD

Researchers have determined that LSD, taken in a medical setting, decreases anxiety related to "life-threatening disease," reduces brain reactivity to fearful faces, increases the meaning and emotional response derived from music, and more. No complications of LSD administration have been observed in medical settings, though acute adverse effects, including exhaustion, nausea, and difficulty concentrating.

Two Lyme disease vaccines were in development in 2026

As of early 2026, there was no vaccine for Lyme disease available. One candidate vaccine, VLA15, was in later-stage clinical trials. Another designed to provide seasonal protection was licensed to a pharmaceutical company in 2025, and was planned for human clinical trials.

Read a deep dive on the 'all-purpose healing' peptide BPC-157.

How is immunotherapy used to fight cancer?

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute provides a delightful Science Illustrated animation explaining PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and how it fights cancer. Briefly, the treatment helps T-cells recognize cancerous cells that would ordinarily be "disguised" by proteins and attack. The fight is made more fair and effective by immunotherapy and similar cancer treatments.

Pigs are preferred for xenografts because of their size and low disease risk

Pigs are of particular interest for xenotransplants because the animals are close to human size, are easily raised in captivity, and have large litters. They’re already routined killed for food and they’re less genetically related to humans than nonhuman primates, which reduces disease transmission risks and some researchers’ ethical concerns.

Learn how monoclonal antibodies, which mimic the body's antibodies, can fight diseases like Ebola.

Experimental hantavirus vaccines and therapies, still under development, have long been funded by the US military.

The hormonal disorder PCOS was renamed PMOS in 2026, a move designed to improve care and research by shifting the focus to the hormonal causes of this condition that affects 1 in 8 women.

Listen to an in-depth conversation on the links between Parkinson's disease and herbicide exposure and the challenging pace of scientific investigation.

Astronauts have repaired genetic damage in space using CRISPR—a molecular tool that can make precise changes to DNA and is used in single-celled organisms to attack invasive viruses.

The first line of 'immortal' human cells, which can divide indefinitely and are used in scientific research, was nonconsensually taken from a Black woman.

In 1939, baseball star Lou Gehrig delivered his inspirational 'Luckiest Man' speech after retiring due to the health condition that now bears his name.

Poison ivy's characteristic rash is caused by an allergic response to an oily compound in the plant called urushiol.

About 2,000 US babies are born annually without some portion of their limbs, potentially leading to a lifetime of pricey prosthetics.

In recent years a child anxiety expert has created and tested a novel phobia and anxiety treatment approach for children, focused on changing how parents respond to the fears.

See images of medical cases of firework injuries shared on this 'Instagram for doctors.' (Warning: Graphic content)

After 25 people used virtual reality headsets to practice flying with virtual wings—flapping their arms—their visual cortex responded to the wings almost as if they were real arms, treating them as body parts.

Domino's Pizza's 30-minute delivery guarantee was responsible for the chain's 1980s surge, but it was discontinued after the company was found liable for delivery driver accidents.

'Shogun,' a 1980s TV series, helped popularize sushi in the US by stimulating an American interest in Japanese culture.

Long before Major League Baseball began allowing instant replay for balls and strikes, an umpire reluctantly used the technology to determine whether a hit was a home run, a move that inadvertently ushered in a new era for the sport.

Explore the known asteroids, comets, and spacecraft involved in asteroid studies within our solar system with 'Eyes on Asteroids,' a 3D visualization from NASA.

'Silent' fireworks have gained more interest in recent years as a quieter celebratory option.

When caught in the mouths of cardinal fish, seed shrimp release glowing, bioluminescent chemicals, which alert predators of the cardinal fish, prompting the shrimp's ejection.

The Brothers Grimm were lawyers before they were storytellers, and became interested in fairy tales as they began investigating how rules and customs had been passed down through cultures.

Legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed the SC Johnson headquarters in Wisconsin, aiming to make a cathedral-like workplace

Abraham Lincoln was almost assassinated weeks before his inauguration as he traveled from Illinois to DC through Baltimore in 1861; it took two independent claims for Lincoln to be convinced the threat was real

Despite being favored by 87% of Americans, Congress does not have term limits.