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The deaths of massive stars and the mergers of neutron stars and black holes can produce gamma-ray bursts—jets of particles moving in opposite directions at near-light speed that comprise the universe's most powerful explosions.
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Additional insights we found via NASA Goddard
When stars more than 30 times the mass of the sun run out of nuclear fuel in their cores and collapse, the powerful magnetic fields of the resulting black hole accelerate particles in the surrounding gas to 99.9% the speed of light and focus them into beams that can last as long as two minutes—long gamma-ray bursts.
Like long gamma-ray bursts, short GRBs result from swirling, infalling material accelerated into jets by magnetic fields, but these fields are from a black hole formed from the merger of neutron stars or black holes.
Gamma-ray bursts get their name from the high-intensity gamma radiation released at the beginning of the bursts, which is followed by a longer afterglow at lower energies.
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