Documentary Film

Overview

Documentary is a nonfiction film genre that purports to capture reality. Its works often aim to educate, catalog, or advocate, though some also exist for entertainment or aesthetic purposes.

Many of the earliest films of the 19th century were "actuality films": short, one-shot movies that captured slices of life. The early 20th century saw the rise of "scenics," films showing life and landscapes of faraway places. The term "documentary" first appeared in print in 1926, as nonfiction films grew longer and began incorporating narrative and character.

Technological advances in the mid-20th century gave documentary filmmakers greater freedom to follow their subjects and experiment with form. The genre has continued evolving through the 21st century, with documentary filmmakers investigating criminal cases, following political candidates, and even interrogating the genre itself.

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