The total cost of owning an ETF is the sum of the holding costs and the transaction costs

An expense ratio represents the cost to own an ETF over the course of the year

For instance, an expense ratio of 0.5% would add a cost of $50 on an investment of $10K. And while expense ratios have on average decreased in recent years, a particularly hefty fee can still eat into total profits.

ETFs and mutual funds are both taxed on capital gains and on dividends

Many experts consider ETFs to be more tax-efficient—ETFs are less likely to trigger capital gains taxes that must be passed on to the fund holder.

The pros of exchange-traded funds include ease of access through brokerage apps and retirement savings accounts

One unexpected perk is that ETFs are typically associated with lower capital gains tax requirements. Read this list to learn more about the benefits of investing in ETFs.

Mutual funds come with a few fees

Since many mutual funds are actively managed, investors will have to pay regular fees to fund this service. Plus, there are exchange fees, purchase fees, marketing fees, and many more.

A bond ETF lets someone invest in multiple bonds through one single fund

There are risks, there are also major perks to buying a bond ETF, like the ability to purchase bonds on the stock market.

While the first exchange-traded fund (a 'basket' of different assets that can be bought and sold on a stock exchange) in the US only launched in 1993, the global ETF market has grown to more than $10T in the short time since.

Test your ETF knowledge

A 10-question quiz from the SEC allows investors to test their basic knowledge about exchange-traded funds and their investing counterparts, mutual funds. Here’s a sample question: Is the past performance of a fund a good indicator of future results? (Hint, the answer is no).

The SPDR S&P 500 ETF is one of the most highly traded funds on the market

State Street, a popular ETF issuer, is responsible for the SPDR S&P 500 ETF. This fund trades under the SPY ticker, and State Street maintains a web page with key facts and figures on SPY. For instance, its expense ratio is 0.0945%, or $9.45 on an initial $10K investment.

See the top 100 ETFs by trading volume

This list grabs the top 100 by trading volume, or the average number of shares that have traded hands over a 3-month period. Top of the list is a semiconductor-focused fund from Direxion, followed by other tech-centric offerings.

The fees for keeping a company listed on the NYSE are typically higher than the Nasdaq's

The current maximum annual listing fee for companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange was $500K as of early 2026. The maximum annual listing fee for companies listed in Nasdaq's top tier, on the other hand, was of $193K. Companies listed must pay these fees each year.

Hedge funds, the private investment firms that trade a wide swath of financial assets, make money by imposing steep fees on investors and from the fund's investment performance.

Surprising costs associated with homeownership include taxes and roof maintenance

Owning a home includes not just expected costs such as a mortgage, homeowners insurance, and landscaping, but also less-obvious expenses like property taxes, repairing and maintaining one’s roof and HVAC system, and HOA fees.

Look inside a retail investor's portfolio

Online investing platform eToro conducted a survey of retail investors in June 2024. It explored what assets they held and what types of stocks they liked to purchase. The most commonly held asset was cash, with 76% of retail investors holding cash in their portfolios. The next most popular asset was domestic stocks, with 49% of investors.

A cost basis is an asset's purchase price after accounting for certain other factors

If you bought a share for $5 and sold it for $140, your capital gain would be $135...on paper, at least. In reality, the math is fuzzier. Capital gains are actually the difference between the sale price of the asset and your cost basis.

The price of gas is a composite made up of several different factors, with the federal gas tax making up less than 20% of what drivers pay at the pump.

How fee-free Robinhood makes money

Robinhood is both loved and hated by retail investors. Although its mobile app is easy to use and transactions on its platform are fee-free, many individuals have taken issue with a controversial practice that drives 75% of its revenues. Robinhood uses payment for order flow, essentially taking payment from other brokerages to redirect users’ trades. Read up on how PFOF works here.

The costs and fees for a payday loan include a 'finance charge'

Payday lenders typically make money via finance charges, a percentage or dollar amount that the borrower owes the lender per $100 borrowed. While the finance charge can range from $10 to $30 for every $100 borrowed, this would equate to an annual percentage rate of almost 400 percent for a two-week loan.

The economics of horse racing

The Triple Crown races last less than three minutes, but the training and resources needed to create a winning thoroughbred are extensive. This Fox Business article dives into the costs associated with owning and training a racehorse, which can range from $1K to over $1M. It also discusses the extent to which the horse racing industry contributes to the economy.

A typical weekend at Coachella can cost thousands of dollars

Coachella might be a cutting-edge cultural event, but it doesn't come for free. Beyond the high ticket prices—which typically start around $500—there are other costs, like lodging, food, and libations. This article spotlights four attendees who break down their expenses for the week and why, despite the hefty price tag, they were so interested in heading to the desert.

Carried interest is a share of the profits that a venture capital firm’s general partners earn

Also known as "carry" for short, carried interest is roughly 20% of a fund’s returns, but the exact percentage varies between firms.

The term 'wedding tax' is often used to refer to the extra money that many wedding industry suppliers charge

According to wedding vendors, the "wedding tax"—the additional money charged for goods and services specifically intended for a wedding rather than another type of event—stems from the increased amount of time and attention that someone like a florist or makeup artist spends on a wedding versus any other type of event. Unlike other events, weddings are often planned a year or more in advance and require more detailed planning and hours of communication.

The median trust fund contains roughly $285K

That’s according to data from the US Federal Reserve. There isn’t a specific net worth that can help determine whether or not someone needs a trust—but contrary to popular belief, trust funds can be great estate planning tools, even for people who aren’t ultra-wealthy.

Shares are parts of a stock that represent ownership of a company

Shares are traded on the stock market. Once you buy a single share of a company, you are considered a shareholder of that company and may have certain rights as a partial owner, such as voting on business decisions.

The dating app industry's average customer acquisition cost exceeds $40 per user

This relatively high cost of customer acquisition (according to 2022 data from saturated markets) makes profitable growth increasingly difficult for dating apps, which is why many have pivoted to focusing on their subscription tiers for reliable revenue.

The price of crude oil accounts for roughly half of the price displayed at the gas pump

While the price of crude oil has the largest impact on the price of gas, the cost of refinement, taxes, and distribution jointly make up nearly half of how gas is priced. Because of the many factors that influence the price of gas, eliminating taxes during expensive periods might not effectively lower prices.

Roughly 39% of Visa's revenue comes from data processing fees.

Visa gets roughly 0.13% to 0.14% of each transaction. About 32% of its revenue stems from the money banks pay Visa to use its services, and roughly 26% of its revenue comes from international transaction fees.

How much the federal government pays in interest on the debt

A significant portion of annual funding goes to servicing the federal government's public debt, which stood at $36T in 2025. That amount required roughly $1T in interest payments just for the year.

The 'commodities' investment category includes livestock, oil, wheat, and more

Commodities traders look at all of these things as assets, placing short-, medium-, and long-term wagers on how much each is really worth. Commodities are valuable in part due to how essential they are in creating most of the world's marketable goods.

The Nasdaq's 'Magnificent 7' companies are responsible for roughly 40% of the Nasdaq 100 index's gains, while the remaining 93 companies account for the other 60%.

An initial public offering or 'IPO' is the process of a private company becoming public by putting shares of the company on the stock market for purchase.

US consumers collectively owe more than $1T to credit card companies—almost as much as they owe in auto loans.

Use this calculator to find the dollar value of your mental load, from meal planning to coordinating after-school care for your children.

US housing costs have risen by roughly 175% between 1991 and 2026—but a growing number of Gen Zers are becoming homeowners anyway. In 2025, 4% of homebuyers were Gen Z, up from 3% the year before.

About 2,000 US babies are born annually without some portion of their limbs, potentially leading to a lifetime of pricey prosthetics.

The most expensive ad of all time was for Chanel No. 5 perfume and cost roughly $33M to produce in 2004—about $57M in today's dollars.

Art theft is the third-largest source of criminal revenues worldwide, thanks in part to the subjective nature of valuing a work of art.

While the sun's gravity keeps the planets in orbit, their gravity also pulls on the sun, causing it and everything else in the solar system to orbit around a mutual balance point called the barycenter—the true center of the solar system.

Memecoins are a type of cryptocurrency—a form of digital currency with a wide variety of uses—created around popular 'memes,' or viral internet jokes.

How fusion—which releases energy when two lighter atoms combine to form a heavier atom—differs from fission

Explore the known asteroids, comets, and spacecraft involved in asteroid studies within our solar system with 'Eyes on Asteroids,' a 3D visualization from NASA.

Pure water does not conduct electricity because this flow of energy requires the movement of charged particles, and water is a neutral molecule.

The 1987 Nintendo video game 'Stadium Events' isn't known for being particularly fun, but its scarcity has made it a highly sought-after item that has sold for up to $35K at auction.

Take a 3D tour of the Hajj, Islam's annual pilgrimage to Mecca, undertaken by over 1.5 million Muslims.

Fear or disgust related to clusters of holes and cracks, called trypophobia, may stem from evolutionary processes to help us avoid pathogens.

Mark Twain spent decades feuding with the US Postal Service, convinced its costs and regulations were bureaucratic overreach.

Indefinite cloning of some endangered species may not sustain their longevity because cloning success rates decrease as genetic mutations accumulate.

Watch the cumbersome, but necessary, precautions healthcare workers must take to care for and protect themselves while caring for Ebola patients.

A Yale student wrote a profound essay about the consulting industry's influence on elite college students that was published in a book of her writing after she died in a post-graduation car accident.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict is the largest ground war in Europe since World War II in casualties, forces mobilized, and displacement of civilians.

Corals are themselves not coral reefs—the term refers to the tiny marine invertebrates that build the rigid reef.