Since our ancient human relatives began using stone tools to perform tasks, humans have harnessed scientific knowledge and new technologies to expand the boundaries of our understanding of the natural world. From quantum computing and microplastics to artificial intelligence and memory, explore these topics and more with our concise yet informative overviews and expert-curated resources.
Hours of research by our editors, distilled into minutes of clarity.
Within a sealed container, partial freezing of water increases the contained volume and the pressure, preventing further freezing without decreasing the temperature further. Once cooled below -23 degrees Celsius (-9.4 degrees Fahrenheit), an uncommon type of ice that contracts as it forms is produced, facilitating the complete freezing of the contained water.
The colorful PR leader argues in this impromptu, amateur video interview that she has worked at the event since its inception in New York City. A search around the internet revealed she’s not the most well-regarded, as TechCrunch reports issues around using the event’s PR contact list loosely.
The average strikes per surface area per year on Earth suggest that aircraft should only be struck once every 1,000 years, based on their size, but proximity to storm clouds' high electrical fields increases strike rates. Aircraft are designed as continuous conductive shells, causing electricity to flow along their exterior and preventing internal damage.
As of 2025, Steven Pruitt—known online as Ser Amantio di Nicolao—has made over 6 million edits and created more than 33,000 articles since he began contributing to the site in 2004. The Virginia native was named one of Time magazine's 25 most important people on the internet in 2017.
Scientists at Imperial College London disabled a gene in female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to make them infertile and propagated the infertility mutation at unnaturally high rates using a gene drive. The entire population collapsed within a dozen generations, showing promise for subsequent with mosquitoes in mimicked tropical environments.
DNS translates domain names into numerical IP addresses, making internet navigation easier for the vast majority of users. DNS contains over 378 million registered domain names, and centralization of these names to a smaller number of centralized providers has increased the risks of outages.
Although the average bolt measures less than 16 kilometers (10 miles), the 2017 "megaflash" spanned 829 kilometers (515 miles) from eastern Texas to Missouri. Severe thunderstorms are common in the region, where warm, humid air from the Gulf collides with cool, dry air from the north, generating atmospheric instability.
When objects emit or reflect light, it takes time for the light to reach an observer and be detected. During the travel time, the object may have changed, limiting detections to describing the conditions of the object when the light was first emitted or reflected, before it was detected.
Noon had been determined independently at each location based on when the sun was highest in the sky, but this became impractical for standardizing transportation. British star-mapping and navigation advancements established Greenwich as the prime meridian through Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT.
Thanks to its advanced infrared sensors and massive mirror, the James Webb Space Telescope can see farther back in cosmic history than Hubble, revealing galaxies formed just 500 million years after the Big Bang.
