The CDC’s “Pink Book” chapter on measles

Current US measles outbreak data from the CDC

This data portal from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention tracks current cases, hospitalizations, and deaths from measles. A 2025 outbreak in Texas and New Mexico drove US cases to their highest levels since the early 1990s.

Secondary complications from measles in children range across the whole body

The most serious effects of a measles infection, particularly in young children, come from its attack on the immune system. This leaves the whole body vulnerable to follow-on diseases, with some of the most serious including respiratory conditions, encephalitis, and more.

What is the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine?

Federal guidance currently recommends a two-shot schedule of the MMR vaccine for children in most cases, once at 12 to 15 months and once at 4 to 6 years. (A September 2025 update only called for the elimination of a combined vaccine that included protection against varicella, the MMRV shot.)

The measles vaccine has saved an estimated 94 million lives since its introduction

Measles killed an estimated 2.6 million people globally in 1980, after the development of a vaccine but before its widespread dissemination. By 2014, that figure had dropped to an estimated 73,000.

Vitamin A does not cure measles, but it helps reduce the symptoms

Also known as retinol, vitamin A plays a significant role in supporting the body’s immune system. The virus attacks the immune system, and studies have shown a correlation between vitamin deficiency and severity of measles symptoms. Supplemental vitamin A doses are now a part of recommended treatment for pediatric patients.

Measles is one of the most contagious preventable diseases

The virus’s ability to persist in the air for up to two hours means an infected person could enter a room, leave, and two hours later infect someone else entering the room. Its location in the body’s upper respiratory tract also makes it easy for viral particles to be sneezed or coughed into the air.

A technical look at the measles virus and its life cycle

The measles virus is made up of a single strand of RNA, packaged inside an envelope that varies in shape and size. A negative-sense paramyxovirus—the same family as mumps—the virus is encased in proteins that help it attach to immune cells inside the body.

The R0 value is how epidemiologists quantify disease contagiousness

The basic reproduction number indicates the average number of people a person with a disease will infect. Measles is the most contagious disease, with an R0 of 12-18, though vaccines have significantly reduced the number of susceptible individuals.

See the differences between chickenpox and hand, foot, and mouth

This helpful explainer breaks down the differences between these two contagious, viral diseases, which both present with fevers and sores. It includes photos of the sores that are characteristic of both diseases, showing how they have appeared across different skin tones to better inform people looking for information about their own loved one's symptoms.

Understanding vaccine side effects

A vaccine is a medical intervention, and as with any medical intervention, may have side effects. This article discusses side effects and adverse events related to vaccination.

What are zoonotic diseases?

Interspecies interactions are a breeding ground for disease transmission. This basic background information on zoonotic disease from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) chronicles the different ways humans can get sick, identifies what groups are particularly vulnerable, and offers links to other resources.

Erythema migrans rash is common in Lyme—but it often doesn't look like a bull's-eye

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that this rash occurs in roughly 70% or more of Lyme disease patients, and typically occurs at the site of a tick bite. The rash may expand slowly over several days and feel warm to the touch, but it's rarely itchy or painful. As it grows, areas of it may clear—creating a target or "bull's-eye" appearance.

Tips for reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance is bad news. But there are lots of things you can do to both protect yourself from superbugs and help keep the problem of antimicrobial resistance from getting worse. This page from the CDC offers clear, straightforward guidelines that can help keep you—and your loved ones—healthy.

How the most famous Ebola book, The Hot Zone, which sold 3.5 million copies and was translated into 30 languages, got aspects of the disease so wrong.

Learn about the more than 100 known autoimmune diseases

Explore this resource with summaries and related resources for the dozens of autoimmune diseases defined in the medical literature. Many of these disease write-ups also have interviews with a patient with the disorder—offering a personal take about challenges, advice, and lifestyle effects.

How the most famous Ebola outbreak book got aspects of the disease so wrong

Richard Preston's 1994 book The Hot Zone brought knowledge of Ebola to the masses. But, beyond the poor portrayals of the science and the scientists, the book fostered fearmongering about Ebola, with portrayals of "liquefying," "dissolving," and "bleeding out." These falsehoods about Ebola have persisted for decades and appear to be reinvigorated with every new emergence of the disease.

Maryland required cholera researchers to fly a yellow warning flag—signifying quarantine dangers in the 1970s

University of Maryland Hospital researchers intentionally infected volunteers with the cholera bacterium in the late 1970s to further their understanding of the disease. They proceeded with this work following the recommendation of a US government panel. (Some users may encounter a paywall.)

An overview on germ theory, the crucial framework developed by Louis Pasteur

Germ theory of disease is based on the concept that many diseases are caused by infections with microorganisms, typically only visualized under high magnification. Read this general overview to understand the basic framework which allowed for development of vaccines.

Psychedelic compounds: a visual library

However psychedelic experiences manifest, they all begin with the presence of psychoactive compounds. Learn about their various chemical compositions in this structural library of psychedelic compounds. Clicking on an entry will take readers to a new page where they can learn about the chemistry and pharmacology of each compound, as well as the drug's possible applications.

Hear what it's like to have malaria

In Kenya, as one malaria-sufferer explains, the disease is common enough that anytime a child has a fever or any sort of sickness families and the community will wonder if it's malaria. Sleeping under a mosquito net is recommended. Unfortunately, a gin and tonic will not keep malaria at bay.

Epstein-Barr virus—the cause of 'kissing disease' mononucleosis—may be the leading cause of MS

A Harvard study with data from more than 10 million US military personnel found that people that contracted Epstein-Barr virus had a roughly 32-fold increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis. The work, published in 2022, found that Infection of the virus preceded MS onset by a median of five years, raising questions about better Epstein-Barr virus management and potential disease prevention.

CIA factbook on the Middle East

The CIA’s World Factbook provides a comprehensive overview of 19 Middle Eastern nations. A wide range of background information is provided for: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, the Gaza Strip, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,...

Calculate your estimated yearly dose of ionizing radiation

This calculator from the EPA provides a value in millirems—the US unit for effective dose—based on a variety of exposure parameters, including the state a user lives in and travel-related sources of ionizing radiation, such as passing through screening machines.

A pediatric journal ran 138 fictional case studies, and 61 were cited as real stories

The Canadian journal Paediatrics & Child Health issued corrections to 138 case studies published since 2000, acknowledging the cases were entirely fictional—a practice intended to protect patient privacy that was never disclosed to readers. At least 61 of the fabricated reports were cited as fact in other peer-reviewed journals a combined 218 times, including a 2006 Lancet article alleging an infant died from opioid-laced breast milk.

The 2026 Ebola outbreak in the DRC is spurring new Ebola vaccine development for the Bundibugyo species.

The WHO’s guidance on 5G, radiation, and health

5G is the latest wireless mobile phone technology, first widely deployed in 2019. 5G is expected to increase performance and a wide range of new applications, including strengthening e-Health (telemedicine, remote surveillance, and telesurgery).

How is immunotherapy used to fight cancer?

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute provides a delightful Science Illustrated animation explaining PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and how it fights cancer. Briefly, the treatment helps T-cells recognize cancerous cells that would ordinarily be "disguised" by proteins and attack. The fight is made more fair and effective by immunotherapy and similar cancer treatments.

Read a deep dive on the 'all-purpose healing' peptide BPC-157.

This poison ivy knowledge quiz—accompanied by photos of the plant's varied forms—may help you identify this common rash-inducing growth.

A century of Billboard issues documenting the evolution of popular music.

The hormonal disorder PCOS was renamed PMOS in 2026, a move designed to improve care and research by shifting the focus to the hormonal causes of this condition that affects 1 in 8 women.

This real-time tracking of the hantavirus cruise ship outbreak in May 2026 offers a unique glimpse into the global reach of the outbreak and whether the virus sickened passengers and their communities around the world.

Visualize how CRISPR-Cas9—a type of immune system used by single-celled organisms to attack invasive viruses—targets and makes precise changes to a gene's DNA.

Mid-century modern graphic designers, known for their bright colors and bold lines in advertising, also found success with children's books.

Learn how to read a prospectus, the juicy document that any company must file with the SEC before going public.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a group of young men ate standard American food—replete with food additives like borax and formaldehyde—as part of government research to better understand food safety.

Doctors differentiate between a phobia and fear by asking patients whether their fear interferes with their day-to-day activities.

Prince's sexually explicit 1984 track 'Darling Nikki' attracted the ire of the Parents Music Resource Center, an advocacy group that inspired the Parental Advisory sticker, even though the song ends with a Christian message.

See this overview of the firework rules across all 50 states, ranging from a complete ban on non-professional fireworks in Massachusetts to states with more lax rules like Indiana.

As of 2025, the most cited papers in science include a review of graphene, methods to improve image recognition, streamlining electron density calculations, and optimizing protein studies.

Bone marrow (soft tissue found inside certain bones) generates roughly 500 billion new blood cells each day

The Ramones' 'Pet Sematary,' the theme song for the Stephen King novel of the same name, was written while the band was admiring the writer's collection of horror memorabilia.

The story of Dollree Mapp, whose legal challenge over her 1957 conviction for possessing "obscene material" led to a major strengthening of the Fourth Amendment

Memecoins are a type of cryptocurrency—a form of digital currency with a wide variety of uses—created around popular 'memes,' or viral internet jokes.

Up to a million Girl Scouts sell about 200 million cookie boxes every spring, generating $800 million, largely because refusing a child is frowned upon

Use this tool to calculate the dollar value of your parental mental load, from meal planning to coordinating after-school care, then see resources that help generate solutions.

All rainbows are 'raincircles' caused by water droplets separating white sunlight into a spectrum of colors, but Earth's surface blocks the bottom half of the circle from our line of sight.

The syncytiotrophoblast is the outer layer of the placenta and the largest human cell, spanning an area about twice that of a king-sized bedsheet.

Take a 3D tour of the Hajj, Islam's annual pilgrimage to Mecca, undertaken by more than 1.5 million Muslims each year.

Louisiana's 'Cancer Alley' is infamous for having some of the highest industrial pollution, toxic air emissions, and cancer risks in the US.