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While some mainstream economists are skeptical about tariffs, President Donald Trump is bullish on them. The pros and cons of tariffs include their ability to help governments raise money and the potential for retaliatory tariffs.
US tariffs peaked in 1930 with the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which slashed global trade by 65%. Once a key revenue source, tariffs gave way to income taxes in 1913, leading to decades of lower trade barriers. Today, US tariffs remain among the lowest worldwide.
Tariffs are taxes on imported goods paid by importing companies but typically passed on to consumers. They vary by country and product and, despite recent spikes, have historically accounted for less than 2% of federal revenue. Explore more with these data visualizations from USAFacts.
While tariffs can generate government revenue and encourage the consumption of locally produced goods, they can often lead to higher consumer prices and may negatively impact economic growth.
Nearly 90% of international trade in 2019 was processed in US dollars. It's not only the most circulated currency in the world but also considered one of the most stable.
After China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the trade partnership between the US and China bloomed. But it's not without pros and cons, including lower prices for US consumers and higher profits for US corporations alongside the loss of American jobs due to import competition and multinational companies moving overseas.
Mexico, Canada, and China are the top trade partners for 42 of the states.
In April 2025, President Donald Trump announced tariffs on countries across the globe, raising them to unprecedented levels in modern American history. The increase in tariff rates led to a significant rise in tariff revenue.
A year after the so-called "Liberation Day" in April 2025, tariffs have had a milder effect on inflation than feared—core goods prices have added only about 0.2% to the headline Consumer Price Index—but persistent policy uncertainty has rattled small business owners, who say the constant back-and-forth makes long-term planning difficult.
Detroit's three automakers combined paid $6 billion in tariffs in 2025. Procter & Gamble raised prices on 25% of its products, and supply chain experts estimate that 80-85% of all tariff costs were absorbed domestically—either by companies or consumers.
In a 6-3 decision, the court held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act—a 1977 law granting the president authority to regulate commerce during national emergencies—does not authorise the president to unilaterally impose tariffs, a power the Constitution reserves to Congress.
The United States is home to more than 33 million businesses, the vast majority of which are small businesses, with millions being created (and others closing shop) every year. These businesses often rely on loans, provide the goods and services that keep the economy flowing, and sometimes even grow large enough to enter public markets or provide private investment opportunities. Explore key topics central to business and finance, from the role of the Federal Reserve to how initial public offerings work, how millions of American students finance higher education, and more.