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Antimatter's rarity across the cosmos is one of the biggest problems in modern physics because the high-energy environment of the early universe should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter.

Findings

Additional insights we found via Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

  1. Through pair production, high-energy photons, which were abundant in the early universe, turn into matter and antimatter particles in equal amounts, as has been observed consistently in particle accelerator experiments.

  2. The abundance of matter over antimatter, known as the baryon asymmetry problem, corresponds to one leftover particle of matter for every billion collisions between matter and antimatter in the early universe, which should have all produced pure energy.

  3. In a universe with equal quantities of matter and antimatter, which are oppositely charged and attract one another, collisions between abundant quantities of each are expected to produce specific types of gamma ray bursts, but because they have not been observed, the matter-antimatter asymmetry is likely to exist across the universe.

  4. The Standard Model—the most comprehensive theory of particle physics—provides no explanation for the abundance of normal matter, but research is ongoing to uncover a responsible mechanism.

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