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The strong nuclear force, which keeps atomic nuclei intact, is mediated by gluons—massless particles that bind together the quarks that make up protons and neutrons.
Findings
Additional insights we found via PBS Space Time
Models of the strong nuclear force resemble the RGB color system, where quarks are described as having color charge and must combine to form color-neutral particles, such as an up quark combining with its antimatter counterpart to form a composite particle, just as red and anti-red combine to produce white.
Similar to electrons and protons interacting via their electric charge, gluons and quarks carry and interact via their color charge, and this interaction manifests as the strong nuclear force.
Because of a concept called color confinement, no quark can exist on its own and create a colored particle—the energy needed to overcome the force of gluons is enough to first produce a quark-antiquark pair and keep the original quark bound in a colorless composite particle.
There are eight types of gluons, each of which carries a color and anti-color charge, such as red-antigreen.
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