Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States and a central figure in the nation's early years. Born in the Caribbean, he moved to New York as a teenager and received a formal education before joining the Revolutionary cause. His early exposure to commerce, finance, and administration shaped his approach to governance.
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From 1787 to 1788, Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay anonymously published a collection of essays known as the Federalist Papers to promote the new Constitution. Of the 85 essays that proved pivotal to the eventual ratification of the document, Hamilton wrote 51.
Appointed the nation's first Treasury Secretary in 1789 by George Washington, Alexander Hamilton designed a powerful federal finance system—repaying war debts, creating new taxes, founding a national bank, and promoting economic development.
While the US was only 12 years old when Alexander Hamilton was tapped as the first Secretary of the Treasury, it already owed almost $80M. Bringing in just $4.4M, taxes were not nearly enough to cover government operations and pay debts.
At the Constitutional Convention, Alexander Hamilton advanced a plan modeled partly on Britain's system, calling for a powerful national executive and for senators to serve for life (with good behavior)—proposals that failed to gain widespread support.
Historian Joanne Freeman discusses Hamilton's reputation, personality, and political world. The discussion distinguishes between historical record and myth and reflects on how the musical reshaped public understanding of his life.
Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson clashed over how power should be divided in the new republic—Hamilton favoring a strong national government with broad implied powers, and Jefferson warning that such authority would erode state power and threaten republican liberty.
In the 1800 presidential election, neither candidate won a majority in the Electoral College, sending the decision to the House of Representatives. After 36 failed votes, Alexander Hamilton lobbied for his ideological rival, Thomas Jefferson, over Aaron Burr, helping break the deadlock.
Though fierce political opponents, Thomas Jefferson displayed a bust of Alexander Hamilton at Monticello—signaling his enduring respect for Hamilton's intellect and historical importance despite their deep ideological divide.
This podcast examines Hamilton's belief in expansive federal power and why he was repeatedly labeled a monarchist—tracing how his calls for a strong executive, his life-tenure proposals at the Constitutional Convention, and his admiration for British stability fueled accusations that he favored centralized power over republican rule.
Written between 1787 and 1788, the Federalist Papers—85 essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay—defended the Constitution and articulated the logic of federalism. They remain a key guide to the original interpretation of the Constitution.
Explore the topics you should have learned in grade school to be a well-informed citizen