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Logic gates—digital versions of conditional statements, such as 'if 0 and 1, then 1'—are specialized circuits that combine multiple digital signals, like the binary code representing numbers, into a single output, thereby allowing machines to perform math.

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Additional insights we found via The Science Asylum

  1. A truth table maps combinations of inputs to a specific output—zeroes and ones representing numbers, which can be represented by the electric state of a series of transistors, or tiny switches that can impede or allow the flow of electrons.

  2. Once a number is represented as electrical signals from transistors, logic gates, such as AND, XOR, NOT, and OR, can be designed to perform mathematical operations, with their output electrical signals representing the computer value in binary code.

  3. Circuits can be built to perform complex operations, such as logarithms and trigonometric functions, by breaking the functions down into algorithms that use a series of logic gates to perform simpler operations.

  4. In computer science, modern software performs increasingly complex tasks by building on the operations of transistors and logic gates.

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