United Nations

Overview

Established on October 24, 1945, the United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that promotes cooperation among nations. Headquartered in New York City, it comprises 193 member states and operates through six principal organs, including the General Assembly and the Security Council.

The UN's foundation was shaped by wartime cooperation. At the 1945 Yalta Conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Soviet leader Stalin agreed on key features of a new organization. That same year, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco to draft the UN Charter.

Since 1948, over 2 million peacekeepers from 125 countries have served in 71 missions. UN agencies have contributed to the eradication of smallpox in 1980 and to a 52% reduction in the under-five mortality rate since 2000. Critics argue that the veto power held by the five permanent members of the Security Council leads to paralysis in decision-making, hindering timely responses to crises.

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