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Native American RelationsNative Americans are the original inhabitants of North America, home to hundreds of distinct nations with their own languages, governments, and cultures long before contact with Europeans. As of the 2020 Census, 9.7 million Americans identify as Native American or Alaska Native, and there are 575 federally recognized tribes. Tribes occupy a unique legal status in the US: They're recognized as sovereign nations with the right to self-governance, yet subject to federal authority. This relationship—established over two centuries through treaties, legislation, and Supreme Court decisions—gives tribal governments the power to make laws and operate courts, while managing their own affairs within reservation boundaries. This legal framework emerged from a long, often violent history of displacement and broken treaties that dramatically reduced Native populations and land. Throughout the 20th century, tribes regained legal ground through legislation and court rulings affirming tribal sovereignty. Today, Native nations manage their own schools, healthcare systems, law enforcement, and economies—including a nearly $44B tribal gaming industry.Explore Native American Relations

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European colonization dramatically reshaped Native American lifeAs European settlers expanded across North America, Native Americans faced displacement, violence, and forced negotiations. Colonial powers used trade relationships, treaties, and military force to reshape Indigenous communities and claim their territories. National Geographic The Stamp Act's real purpose was protecting colonists from Native AmericansThe troops the act funded weren't left in America to guard against France, but to manage the aftermath of Pontiac's Rebellion and keep the peace between colonists and Indigenous nations. Some historians argue this means Native American resistance to British expansion indirectly triggered the tax that sparked the Revolution. National Endowment for the Humanities Tribal lenders have charged up to 600% APR on short-term loansSome Native American tribes use their exemption from state legislation to bypass regulations on usury laws. Similar to payday lending, some tribal lenders have charged up to 600% APR on short-term loans. ProPublica William Clark negotiated one-tenth of all ratified treaties between Native Americans and the USAfter the expedition, Clark held key territorial and federal roles, overseeing western expansion and Native relations. While he expressed sympathy for displaced natives, he oversaw the transfer of millions of acres from Native nations to US control through various treaties. Brittanica Is repatriation the answer to looted museum objects?For many, the return of stolen art and artifacts to their places of origin is a simple solution. But, as Patricia Marroquin Norby, the Met’s curator of Native American Art, writes in this article, there are sometimes other approaches and factors to consider. Speaking specifically about the collection she oversees, Norby discusses other solutions like co-stewardship, in which collaborative relationships are built with the tribes from whom the objects were taken. Hyperallergic

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