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Tariffs Deadline, Deepest Ecosystem, and Adult Summer Camps

The tariffs are coming. This and more in today's digest.

 

In partnership with

Good morning. It's Thursday, July 31, and we're covering the new tariffs regime, the deepest ecosystem ever discovered, and much more. First time reading? Join over 4.5 million intellectually curious readers. Sign up here.

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 Need To Know 

 

Tariffs Deadline Tonight

President Donald Trump announced a slew of tariff-related updates yesterday. The changes come as most countries will face rates of 15% to 20% beginning overnight, at 12:01 am ET. 

 

Trump yesterday said India will face 25% tariffs and an added penalty for purchasing Russian oil. Brazil will face 50% tariffs next week; Trump separately announced 50% tariffs on all copper imports. The US will also end the global de minimis exemption later this month, which allowed packages valued below $800 to enter duty-free.

 

Some countries negotiated lower tariffs in the lead-up to tonight’s deadline. South Korea negotiated a baseline of 15% in exchange for investing hundreds of billions of dollars in the US. Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, the UK, Vietnam, and the European Union also reached revised deals. Pakistan is expected to finalize a deal shortly. 

 

The average effective tariff rate is estimated to rise to 18.4%, the highest level since 1933. Clothing and shoes will be especially affected, with prices predicted to rise roughly 40% in the short term. Learn more about tariffs via 1440 Topics here.

 

DC Plane Crash Hearing

Hearings began yesterday in the federal probe into January’s fatal midair collision of an American Airlines jet and an Army Black Hawk in Washington, DC. Sixty-seven people were killed in the plane crash—the US' deadliest since November 2001.

 

The National Transportation Safety Board opened hearings with an animation showing the aircrafts' flight path before they crashed over Reagan National Airport (watch here, warning—sensitive). The Black Hawk’s barometric altimeter, built in the 1970s, misread the helicopter’s altitude by 80 to 100 feet, ultimately flying above the 200 feet altitude limit. Army pilots reportedly also missed air traffic control instructions to pass behind the jet. 

 

A March investigation flagged concerns over small separation distances between helicopters and planes in Reagan’s airspace, citing 85 near misses between October 2021 and December 2024. Documents revealed yesterday indicated air traffic controllers had sought to change the helicopter route, but ultimately abandoned the effort.

 

World's Deepest Ecosystem

Chinese researchers have identified fields of underwater creatures nearly 6 miles below sea level, the deepest complex ecosystem ever discovered, a study published yesterday in Nature reveals. Listen to an interview with the researchers here.

 

The ecosystem spans over 1,500 miles across the Kuril-Kamchatka and Aleutian trenches—depressions in the Pacific Ocean seafloor between Russia and Alaska. Through 23 dives in a three-person submersible, researchers found fields of brightly colored marine tube worms, mollusks, and clams (see more, w/video). 

 

With no access to sunlight, the organisms appear to rely on liquid methane and hydrogen sulfide for energy in a process known as chemosynthesis (see how it was discovered). Researchers think the methane comes from microbes in the seafloor—and that these ecosystems may be more widespread than previously thought.

 

Explore a visualization of deep-sea inhabitants here.

In partnership with LMNT

The Salty Science Behind Optimal Hydration

 

It’s easy to forget our sweat isn’t just water—it’s loaded with minerals like sodium, potassium and magnesium that our bodies need to function at their best. These electrolytes aren’t just nice to have, they’re essential for maintaining hydration, supporting muscle and nerve function, and optimizing energy production in our cells. Let those levels dip, and you’ll feel it: fatigue, brain fog, sluggish workouts.

 

That’s where LMNT comes in. Created by former research biochemist Robb Wolf, LMNT is a zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix and sparkling drink with enough sodium, potassium, and magnesium to help you feel and perform your best—without the sugar, artificial colors, or other dodgy ingredients found in other sports drinks. 

 

Ready to hydrate your body the right way? Get a FREE sample pack of their 4 best-selling flavors with any purchase—plus a money-back guarantee.

Please support our sponsors!

 In The Know 

 

Sports, Entertainment, & Culture

> NFL preseason kicks off tonight (8 pm ET, NBC) with the Los Angeles Chargers taking on the Detroit Lions in the 2025 Pro Football Hall of Fame Game (More) | How does the NFL make money? (More)

> Laura Dahlmeier, two-time Olympic gold medal-winning biathlete, dies at age 31 following a climbing accident in northern Pakistan (More

> NBA sets up 2026 regular season matchups in Berlin (Jan. 15) and London (Jan. 18) featuring the Orlando Magic and Memphis Grizzlies (More) | USA Track and Field championships begin today from Eugene, Oregon; see complete schedule (More)

 

Science & Technology

> Joint US-India mission to deploy satellite capable of capturing changes on the Earth's surface with resolution of a single centimeter; NISAR mission can image the same spot on Earth every 12 days (More) | The history of NASA (1440 Topics)

> Chronic disrupted sleep modifies blood vessels in the brain known as pericytes, can lead to impaired cognitive function and higher dementia risk (More

> Dormant cancer cells can be reawakened by viral respiratory infections, including the flu or COVID-19; study suggests acute inflammation in the lungs may trigger cells to reactivate (More) | How alcohol leads to cancer (1440 Topics)

In partnership with Pacaso

Major Investors Bet Big on This Unlisted Stock

When the founder who sold his last company to Zillow for $120M starts a new venture, investors notice. No wonder some of the same firms that backed Uber, Venmo, and eBay also invested in Pacaso

 

Their platform sells fractions of premier properties, revamping a $1.3T market. And it works. By handing keys to 2,000+ happy homeowners, Pacaso has already made $110M+ in gross profit to date.

 

Now, after 41% YoY growth in 2024 alone, they recently reserved the Nasdaq ticker PCSO. And you can join them as an investor for just $2.90/share.*

 
 

Business & Markets

> US stock markets close mixed (S&P 500 -0.1%, Dow -0.4%, Nasdaq +0.2%) (More

 Federal Reserve keeps interest rates steady for fifth consecutive meeting, faces dissents from two officials seeking rate cuts (More) | The US economy grew at an annual rate of 3% in Q2, a better-than-expected pace (More

> Microsoft tops $4T in market cap in after-hours trading after beating Q4 earnings and revenue; reports revenue from Azure and cloud services for first time, with sales exceeding $75B for fiscal 2025 (More) | Meta shares rise over 10% in after-hours trading after topping Wall Street estimates, raises full-year forecast (More)

> Ford says Q2 results took $800M hit from tariffs (More) | Robinhood beats Q2 earnings and revenue, saw revenue rise 45% year over year to $989M (More) | What is retail trading? (1440 Topics)

Hedge Funds: This morning's Business & Finance newsletter explores the high-value, high-risk world of hedge funds. The email comes out at 8:30 am ET today—sign up here to receive!

 

Politics & World Affairs

> Evacuations in Hawaii downgraded, with tsunami threat to US West Coast receding after 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula; earthquake is tied as sixth strongest ever recorded and biggest since 2011 quake that hit Japan (More) | See photos of the aftermath (More)

> Texas Republicans release proposed new congressional map aimed at flipping five Democratic seats by redrawing district lines in Austin, Dallas, Houston, and South Texas (More) | US Senate Democrats invoke rare "Rule of Five" to force Justice Department to release Jeffrey Epstein files (More

> Canada to recognize a Palestinian state in September, Prime Minister Mark Carney says (More) | Brown University reaches deal with Trump administration to restore over $500M in funding, resolve nondiscrimination review findings (More

 

In-Depth

> The First Soda in Space

NY Times | Joseph Dragovich. The cosmic rivalry between Coke and Pepsi reached new heights in 1985 when NASA sent both sodas into space to see which would fizz best in zero gravity. (Read)

 

> A Man of the People

Smithsonian | Raj Tawney. With "Folsom Prison Blues," Johnny Cash transformed a song of confinement into an anthem for the ignored and downtrodden, cementing his legacy as a fearless folk hero who sang for society’s forgotten. (Read)

In partnership with LMNT

The Truth About Sodium & Peak Performance

 

LMNT was born from a growing body of research revealing that optimal health outcomes occur at sodium levels 2-3x government recommendations. (We’re not talking table salt.) Each LMNT serving delivers a science-backed ratio of 1,000mg sodium, 200mg potassium, and 60mg magnesium without sugar, fillers, or artificial coloring.

 

From everyday athletes to the US Olympic Weightlifting team, and 100s of the world’s leading health and fitness experts, top performers are always looking for an edge… and they trust LMNT. Today, you can get a FREE sample pack of their 4 best-selling flavors with any purchase, plus a risk-free refund policy.

Please support our sponsors!

 Etcetera 

 

Adult summer camps are making a comeback.

 

The grocery store where prices change 100 times a day.

 

Australia bans YouTube accounts for children under 16.

 

Does drinking a hot drink cool you down?

 

MLB pitcher switches teams after being traded between games.

 

It's a "black cat boyfriend" summer.

 

Reese's and Oreo announce cookie-candy mashup.

 

Hot blob beneath Appalachians heading to New York.

 

Clickbait: Introducing radioactive wasps.

 

Historybook: 17th US president Andrew Johnson dies (1875); Entrepreneur Mark Cuban born (1958); "Harry Potter" author JK Rowling born (1965); START I signed by the US and Soviet Union to begin nuclear arms reduction (1991); Basketball legend Bill Russell dies (2022). 

"Talent without effort is wasted talent. And while effort is the one thing you can control in your life, applying that effort intelligently is next on the list."

- Mark Cuban

*Disclosure: This is a paid advertisement for Pacaso’s Regulation A offering. Please read the offering circular at invest.pacaso.com. Reserving the ticker symbol is not a guarantee that the company will go public. Listing on the Nasdaq is subject to approvals.

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