Is Alcohol Considered a Drug?

Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines a drug as “something and often an illegal substance, that causes addiction, habituation, or a marked change in consciousness.” This definition describes a variety of substances, from psilocybin to methamphetamines, but it also describes a substance that is readily available at the local supermarket or liquor store: alcohol.

By this definition, alcohol would be considered a drug as it is a widespread and addictive substance with the capability of causing behavioral changes.

What Makes a Substance a Drug?

According to the National Cancer Institute, the medical definition of a drug is a substance used to treat or relieve the symptoms of a disease or condition. These substances impact the functions of the body and brain and can lead to changes in mood, cognition, and behavior due to their psychoactive properties.

Many substances can be classified as drugs, either by using the medical or common definition, and medical professionals spend a great deal of time studying the way these substances interact with the body and impact human health. Drugs are categorized in ways that indicate their purpose, associated risk, and potential for addiction, including:

• Over-the-counter drugs are available at pharmacies, grocery stores, and wellness shops without an official prescription from a doctor. These drugs present low levels of risk for consumers and treat common conditions such as colds, seasonal allergies, and joint pain.
• Prescription drugs require the written consent of a licensed doctor. These drugs can only be acquired through communication with a doctor and pharmacist who decides that a more potent or risky medication is needed to treat a specific medical condition.
• Recreational drugs are taken for fun and enjoyment. These drugs, including alcohol and methamphetamine, often bring pleasant feelings and altered states of consciousness. Some are legal and easily attainable while others are illegal.

Every drug, no matter its classification, changes the way the brain and body function. Understanding these changes and the dangers associated with using different drugs is important for reducing adverse reactions and accidents. In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration has developed drug scheduling that addresses the abuse potential for different substances. This system provides guidance for doctors and patients regarding the benefits and dangers of different drugs and treatments.

Is Alcohol Addictive?

Like several other types of drugs, alcohol is addictive. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, alcohol is one of the most heavily used drugs in the world. It is widely abused in the United States, where alcohol abuse disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder. In the past year, 29.5 million people aged 12 and older are struggling with AUD.

Alcohol abuse disorder can be mild, moderate, and severe, with the most severe manifestation of the condition being addiction or alcoholism. When an individual has substance abuse disorder and addiction, the substance becomes a vital, central part of their life as they move through the day.

This dependence and prolonged alcohol exposure can have a highly detrimental impact on an individual’s mental and physical health. From an increased risk of liver cancer to high rates of suicide, alcohol abuse disorder can shorten a person’s lifespan and reduce their quality of life.

Societal Views on Alcohol vs. Other Drugs

According to recent Gallup polls, individuals aged 18 to 34, are expressing increased concern and understanding of the dangers of alcohol consumption. In fact, 52% of participants in this age group view moderate alcohol consumption as bad for one’s health.

However, despite these shifting numbers, alcohol is still viewed as less dangerous than other substances, including cigarettes. 76% of poll respondents believe that cigarettes are “very harmful,” compared to 30% who believe alcohol is “very harmful.”

Generational differences are heavily impacting drinking habits, but other societal factors affect drinking rates. According to the Pew Research Center, religious individuals around the world are more likely to abstain from frequent drinking.

Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

Alcohol addiction can affect every aspect of an individual’s health, socially, emotionally, mentally, and physically. High levels of alcohol consumption are associated with:

• Depression and suicide;
• Increased accidents and injuries, including car accidents and DUI incidents;
• Liver disease and cancer;
• Fetal alcohol syndrome and high risk of miscarriage;
• Weakened immune system;
• High blood pressure and heart disease;
• Social and financial issues such as increased instances of unemployment.

Drinking too much alcohol and leaving alcohol use disorder untreated increases the risk of these adverse events and conditions, along with many others.

The Psychoactive Nature of Alcohol

Psychoactive substances affect brain function, leading to changes in mood, attention, and behavior. Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that can lead to short-term and long-term changes in brain and nervous system function. Prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption results in:

• Destruction of brain cells;
• Contraction of brain tissues;
• Depression of the nervous system in its entirety.

These changes lead to serious neurocognitive deficits that can limit an individual’s ability to care for themselves and maintain their own safety.

Is Alcohol a Controlled Substance?

A controlled substance is a drug that the government controls due to the risks it presents to society as an addictive drug. Substances are controlled in their manufacturing, storage, and distribution, with access to controlled substances being severely limited and documented.

While alcohol is not categorized as a controlled substance, the government does place limits on who can purchase alcohol based on age. Currently, individuals in the United States must be 21 years of age or older to purchase alcohol. This type of control is also used for other substances. In states that have legalized cannabis, cannabis products can be purchased by any adult 21 years of age or older. Tobacco products can be purchased by any adult 18 years of age or older.

The Role of Education in Reducing Alcohol Abuse

Education is a powerful tool for reducing alcohol abuse, especially for underage students. Educators can take steps to help their students stay away from harmful substances, such as:

• Recognizing the signs of alcohol and substance use: Sudden shifts in mood, reduced attendance, and school performance, and struggles with memory and speech may indicate that a student has problems with alcohol or other substances.
• Facilitating open communication: Teachers and trusted adults can help students by simply starting conversations. By showing students attention, providing valuable information, and asking questions, teachers can show young people that they have a support system ready to help.
• Utilizing helpful, educational materials: There are a variety of helpful materials and trainings for teachers interested in guiding students through a life without alcohol and substance abuse.

Outside of the classroom, education is still essential for fighting alcohol abuse disorder. Adults struggling with AUD and their loved ones may have questions that can be addressed through proper research, education, and conversations with professional counselors and doctors. By utilizing the available tools, building a supportive community, and connecting with helpful professionals, those with AUD can strengthen their odds in their fight against alcohol abuse disorder.

Disclaimer:

The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice and should not be used as a substitute for professional consultation, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.