The National Hockey League is the highest-level professional hockey league in North America and one of the Big Four American sports (NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL). The league consists of 32 teams, seven of which are in Canada, split evenly between two conferences.
The NHL season is 82 games, from October to April, with four rounds of playoffs. Conference champions meet in late May or June for a chance to win the Stanley Cup, the oldest sports trophy in North America.
History
The game of ice hockey is believed to have originated as a European stick-and-ball game during the 18th and 19th centuries, before being influenced by lacrosse in North America in the 1800s. Canadian professional leagues were formed around 1900.
Owner disputes from a suspended league led four teams to form the National Hockey League in 1917. The NHL expanded into the United States in 1924 with the addition of the Boston Bruins. Following World War II, the league contracted to the Original Six before undergoing rapid expansion in the 1970s and again in the 1990s. The Utah Hockey Club, added in 2024, is the newest team.
The first NHL All-Star game took place in 1934 as a benefit for Maple Leafs wing Ace Bailey, who broke his skull the prior year and nearly died on the ice (read story). The Leafs retired Bailey’s number, the first such instance in professional sports. The NHL made the All-Star Game a regular fixture 13 years later.
Gary Bettman was made the first NHL commissioner in 1993 to help usher in league growth. In addition to signing lucrative TV deals, Bettman oversaw the addition of outdoor games to the NHL schedule.
Bettman locked out the players' union in 2004, resulting in the first professional sport to lose an entire season to a labor dispute. A salary cap was added to the new collective bargaining agreement.
The NHL has not embraced its role in brain injuries of former players, with Bettman saying he has not seen studies tying Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy to playing ice hockey. The NHL has a concussion rate comparable to the NFL.
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup is the oldest and most prestigious championship trophy in North American sports. It is reused every year and is the only pro sports trophy to have the name of every winning player, coach, and general manager etched on.
The names are hand-stamped, and only four people have ever engraved the Stanley Cup. There are numerous misspellings. Two names have been totally covered with X's.
Originally just a silver bowl, the Cup was donated by Lord Stanley of Preston in 1892 and was used as a challenge cup for Canada. The NHL officially took over the trophy in 1947 and changed the stovepipe design. Today it measures 35 inches tall and weighs approximately 35 pounds (see changes). Three rings have been retired.
Winning teams get 100 days with the Cup, and since 1995, each player gets a full day with it. Players must plan for the Keeper of the Cup to attend the personal celebrations.
NHL players believe touching the Stanley Cup before winning it is bad luck. But once victory is secured, it is the team captain–not the owner or general manager–that hoists the trophy first. Everyone on the winning team gets a sip of Champagne from the bowl.
A collection of videos about National Hockey League
1440
National Hockey League explained
4:31
Founded in 1917, the NHL started with four Canadian teams and now spans 32 franchises across North America. Its iconic Stanley Cup, first awarded in 1893, remains a unique prize, with winners’ names hand-engraved each year. The league generates billions in annual revenue, aided by key expansions, lucrative TV deals, and global fan engagement. While player safety and labor disputes have posed challenges, the NHL remains a cornerstone of professional sports, offering an 82-game season culminating in the fiercely contested Stanley Cup Finals.
More on National Hockey League4 Videos
Dive Deeper
Relevant articles, podcasts, videos, and more from around the internet — curated and summarized by our team
From the 1980s through early 2000s, enforcers were a regular part of NHL lineups. At 6 feet 7 inches Derek Boogaard’s body was made for the part. But his mind was not. This New York Times feature dives into the life and tragic death of Boogaard at 28. The story, and later book, helped dramatically reduce enforcers in hockey and opened discussions for player safety.
In January 1984, Boston Bruins center Craig Mactavish was driving home after a practice while under the influence of alcohol. He struck a car driven by Kim Radley, who died four days later. Mactavish was sentenced to a year in prison before resuming his career in Edmonton. Read this Chicago Tribune story from 1985, to hear what prison was like for Mactavish and how Radley’s parents forgave him.
Until the 1970s, hockey goalies didn’t wear masks to protect their face with any regularity. Instead, they took pucks off their cheeks, foreheads, and mouths, resulting in serious scars. This Filson article looks back at early hockey gear with historic photos and videos. See Terry Sawchuk’s scar-filled face from 1966, and a video of a hockey game from 1898.
Detroit Red Wings fans have thrown octopuses on the ice since 1952, and fans of other teams have tried their own hand at tossing things in the rink ever since. Read this hilarious account of a fan’s attempt to throw a three foot shark at a Sharks versus Red Wings game in 2007, and the consequences that followed.
A few weeks after winning the Stanley Cup in 1997, tragedy struck the Detroit Red Wings when star defenseman Vladimir Konstantinov was paralyzed in a car accident. This NHL video tells how the team dedicated the next season to him with a patch on their sweater, and shows Konstantinov celebrating with his team in his wheelchair after they won the Cup again.
Just two years after the National Hockey League was officially formed, their champion was playing the PCHA champion for the Stanley Cup. The series was tied, going into the deciding Game 5, when all but three NHL players fell ill with the Spanish Flu. Read this Sportsnet feature to learn how players dealt with the outbreak, and how no champion was crowned that year.
Explore all National Hockey League
Search and uncover even more interesting information in our vast database of curated National Hockey League resources